Hyperliquid L1 vs dYdX

Hyperliquid is a performance‑tuned Layer‑1 that employs HyperBFT consensus—an optimised HotStuff variant—to finalise blocks in 400 ms. Its on‑chain order book matches > 100k orders per second without gas, made possible by an in‑memory state machine replicated across 32 validators. Launched in April 2024, the chain settles $4‑6 billion daily volume in perpetual futures and supports CosmWasm smart contracts for third‑party dApps.

The dYdX Chain is an app‑specific Cosmos chain that replaced the prior StarkEx L2, giving validators control over an on‑chain order book for perpetual futures. Traders retain familiar features like cross‑margin and isolated positions, and DYDX token holders secure the chain while receiving 100 % of protocol fees. Lambda architecture shards order processing across ABCI++ extensions for sub‑second latency.