Saudi Arabian Oil Company (2222.SR) vs Merck & Co., Inc. (MRK)

Saudi Arabian Oil Company, commonly known as Saudi Aramco, is one of the world’s largest integrated energy companies. It explores for, produces, refines, transports, and markets crude oil, natural gas, petrochemicals, and related products. Aramco’s operations are centered in Saudi Arabia, where it controls some of the largest conventional oil reserves in the world. Its earnings are closely linked to global energy demand, production policy, refining margins, and long-term investment in oil, gas, and downstream chemical assets.

Merck & Co., Inc. develops pharmaceutical products across multiple therapeutic areas, including cardiometabolic disorders, oncology, and infectious diseases. In cancer treatment, its immuno-oncology portfolio, led by Keytruda, represents a significant driver of total revenue. The company also maintains a strong vaccines business focused on preventing pediatric illnesses, alongside Gardasil for human papillomavirus. In addition, Merck markets animal health products. Geographically, 47% of the company’s sales come from its U.S. human health segment, which includes pharmaceuticals and vaccines.