ASML Holding N.V. (ASMLF) vs Merck & Co., Inc. (MRK)

ASML Holding NV is the global leader in semiconductor lithography systems, with an estimated 90% market share. Lithography is the process of using a light source to project circuit patterns from a photomask onto a semiconductor wafer. This technology enables chipmakers to pack more transistors into the same silicon area, and it has historically accounted for a significant share of the cost of producing leading-edge chips. ASML outsources the production of most components and primarily operates as an assembler. Its largest customers include TSMC, Samsung, Intel, SK Hynix, and Micron.

Merck & Co., Inc. develops pharmaceutical products across multiple therapeutic areas, including cardiometabolic disorders, oncology, and infectious diseases. In cancer treatment, its immuno-oncology portfolio, led by Keytruda, represents a significant driver of total revenue. The company also maintains a strong vaccines business focused on preventing pediatric illnesses, alongside Gardasil for human papillomavirus. In addition, Merck markets animal health products. Geographically, 47% of the company’s sales come from its U.S. human health segment, which includes pharmaceuticals and vaccines.